Sample Collection

• Cell samples are typically collected through non-invasive or minimally invasive methods, such as:
  • Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA)
  • Pap Smears
  • Fluid Samples (e.g., pleural or ascitic fluid)

Microscopic Analysis

• The collected cells are stained and examined under a microscope to identify:
  • Cellular structure and shape
  • Abnormal growth or changes
  • Presence of infections or malignant cells

Diagnosis

• Cytopathology helps in diagnosing conditions such as:
  • Cancers (e.g., cervical, breast, thyroid)
  • Infections
  • Inflammatory diseases